Recently I had a requirement where using Spring MVC we had to take inputs multiple rows of data from user. The form had many rows which user can edit and submit. Spring MVC provides very simple yet elegant way of collecting data from multiple rows from HTML form and store them in List of Beans in Java.
Lets look at the requirement first. We have a screen where data for multiple Contacts is displayed. The Contact data is displayed in an HTML table. Each row in the table represents a single contact. Contact details consist of attributes such as Firstname, Lastname, Email and Phone number.
The Add Contact form would look like following:
Lets see the code behind this example.
Tools and Technologies used:
- Java 5 or above
- Eclipse 3.3 or above
- Spring MVC 3.0
Step 1: Create Project Structure
Open Eclipse and create a Dynamic Web Project.
Enter project name as SpringMVC_Multi_Row and press Finish.
Step 2: Copy Required JAR files
Once the Dynamic Web Project is created in Eclipse, copy the required JAR files under WEB-INF/lib folder. Following are the list of JAR files:
Step 3: Adding Spring MVC support
Once the basic project setup is done, we will add Spring 3 MVC support. For that first modify default web.xml and add springs DispatcherServlet.
File: /WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>Spring3MVC-Multi-Row</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app |
Now add spring-servlet.xml file under WEB-INF folder.
File: /WebContent/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="net.viralpatel.spring3.controller" /> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean></beans> |
Note that in above spring-servlet file, line 10, 11 defines context:annotation-config and component-scan tags. These tags let Spring MVC knows that the spring mvc annotations are used to map controllers and also the path from where the controller files needs to be loaded. All the files below package net.viralpatel.spring3.controller will be picked up and loaded by spring mvc.
Step 4: Add Spring Controller and Form classes
File: /src/net/viralpatel/spring3/form/Contact.java
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | package net.viralpatel.spring3.form;public class Contact { private String firstname; private String lastname; private String email; private String phone; public Contact() { } public Contact(String firstname, String lastname, String email, String phone) { this.firstname = firstname; this.lastname = lastname; this.email = email; this.phone = phone; } // Getter and Setter methods} |
File: /src/net/viralpatel/spring3/form/ContactForm.java
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | package net.viralpatel.spring3.form;import java.util.List;public class ContactForm { private List<Contact> contacts; public List<Contact> getContacts() { return contacts; } public void setContacts(List<Contact> contacts) { this.contacts = contacts; }} |
Note line 7 in above code how we have defined a List of bean Contact which will hold the multi-row data for each Contact.
File: /src/net/viralpatel/spring3/controller/ContactController.java
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | package net.viralpatel.spring3.controller;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import net.viralpatel.spring3.form.Contact;import net.viralpatel.spring3.form.ContactForm;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;@Controllerpublic class ContactController { private static List<Contact> contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>(); static { } @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView get() { ContactForm contactForm = new ContactForm(); contactForm.setContacts(contacts); return new ModelAndView("add_contact" , "contactForm", contactForm); } @RequestMapping(value = "/save", method = RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView save(@ModelAttribute("contactForm") ContactForm contactForm) { System.out.println(contactForm); System.out.println(contactForm.getContacts()); List<Contact> contacts = contactForm.getContacts(); if(null != contacts && contacts.size() > 0) { ContactController.contacts = contacts; for (Contact contact : contacts) { System.out.printf("%s \t %s \n", contact.getFirstname(), contact.getLastname()); } } return new ModelAndView("show_contact", "contactForm", contactForm); }} |
In above ContactController class, we have defile two methods: get() and save().
get() method: This method is used to display Contact form with pre-populated values. Note we added a list of contacts (Contacts are initialize in static block) in ContactForm bean object and set this inside a ModelAndView object. The add_contact.jsp is displayed which in turns display all contacts in tabular form to edit.
save() method: This method is used to fetch contact data from the form submitted and save it in the static array. Also it renders show_contact.jsp file to display contacts in tabular form.
Step 5: Add JSP View files
Add following files under WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp/ directory.
File: /WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp/add_contact.jsp
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%><%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%><%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%><html><head></head><body><h2>Spring MVC Multiple Row Form Submit example</h2><form:form method="post" action="save.html" modelAttribute="contactForm"> <table> <tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Lastname</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Phone</th> </tr> <c:forEach items="${contactForm.contacts}" var="contact" varStatus="status"> <tr> <td align="center">${status.count}</td> <td><input name="contacts[${status.index}].firstname" value="${contact.firstname}"/></td> <td><input name="contacts[${status.index}].lastname" value="${contact.lastname}"/></td> <td><input name="contacts[${status.index}].email" value="${contact.email}"/></td> <td><input name="contacts[${status.index}].phone" value="${contact.phone}"/></td> </tr> </c:forEach></table><br/><input type="submit" value="Save" /></form:form></body></html> |
In above JSP file, we display contact details in a table. Also each attribute is displayed in a textbox. Note that modelAttribute="contactForm" is defined in
Also note how we defined textboxes name. It is in form contacts[i].a. Thus Spring knows that we want to display the List item with index i and its attribute a.
contacts[${status.index}].firstname will generate each rows as follows:
contacts[0].firstname // mapped to first item in contacts list
contacts[1].firstname // mapped to second item in contacts list
contacts[2].firstname // mapped to third item in contacts list
Spring 3 MVC and path attribute and square bracket
One thing here is worth noting that we haven't used Spring's
<form:input path="contacts[${status.index}].firstname" /> |
Then instead of converting it to following HTML code:
<input name="contacts[0].firstname" /><input name="contacts[1].firstname" /><input name="contacts[2].firstname" /> |
It converts it into following:
<input name="contacts0.firstname" /><input name="contacts1.firstname" /><input name="contacts2.firstname" /> |
Note how it removed square brackets [ ] from name attribute. In previous versions of Spring (before 2.5) the square bracket were allowed in name attribute.
It seems w3c has later changed the HTML specification and removed [ ] from html input name.
Read the specification http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/types.html#type-name. It clearly says that:
ID and NAME tokens must begin with a letter ([A-Za-z]) and may be followed by any number of letters, digits ([0-9]), hyphens ("-"), underscores ("_"), colons (":"), and periods (".").
Thus, square brackets aren't allowed in name attribute! And thus Spring 3 onwards this was implemented.
So far I haven't got any workaround to use springs <form:input /> tag instead of plain html <input /> to render and fetch data from multiple rows.
File: /WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp/show_contact.jsp
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%><%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%><%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%><html><head></head><body><h2>Show Contacts</h2><table width="50%"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Lastname</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Phone</th> </tr> <c:forEach items="${contactForm.contacts}" var="contact" varStatus="status"> <tr> <td>${contact.firstname}</td> <td>${contact.lastname}</td> <td>${contact.email}</td> <td>${contact.phone}</td> </tr> </c:forEach></table><br/><input type="button" value="Back" onclick="javascript:history.back()"/></body></html> |
File: /WebContent/index.jsp
<jsp:forward page="get.html"></jsp:forward> |
Final Project Structure
Once we have added all relevant source files and jar files, the project structure should look like following:
Step 6: Execute it
Execute the web application Right click on project > Run As > Run on Server.
Add Contact page
Show Contact page
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